
The Logic Book
6th EditionISBN10: 0078038413
ISBN13: 9780078038419
Copyright: 2014
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The estimated amount of time this product will be on the market is based on a number of factors, including faculty input to instructional design and the prior revision cycle and updates to academic research-which typically results in a revision cycle ranging from every two to four years for this product. Pricing subject to change at any time.
Program Details
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO DEDUCTIVE LOGIC
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Core Concepts of Deductive Logic
1.3 Special Cases of Logical Concepts
1.4 Deductive Validity and Soundness
1.5 Inductive Arguments
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
1.2 Core Concepts of Deductive Logic
1.3 Special Cases of Logical Concepts
1.4 Deductive Validity and Soundness
1.5 Inductive Arguments
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
1.4 Deductive Validity and Soundness
1.5 Inductive Arguments
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Index
Index of Symbols
About the Author
Merrie Bergmann
Merrie Bergmann received her Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Toronto and is currently an Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department at Smith College. She has published articles in formal semantics and logic, philosophy of language, and computational linguistics.
James Moor
James Moor received his Ph.D. in history and philosophy of science from Indiana University and is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Dartmouth College. He has developed software for teaching logic and has published articles in philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, logic, philosophy of artificial intelligence, and computer ethics.
Jack Nelson
Jack Nelson received his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Chicago and is currently Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the Interim Chair of the Philosophy Department at Arizona State University. He has developed software for teaching logic and has published articles in personal identity, epistemology, and philosophy of science.
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO DEDUCTIVE LOGIC
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Core Concepts of Deductive Logic
1.3 Special Cases of Logical Concepts
1.4 Deductive Validity and Soundness
1.5 Inductive Arguments
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
1.2 Core Concepts of Deductive Logic
1.3 Special Cases of Logical Concepts
1.4 Deductive Validity and Soundness
1.5 Inductive Arguments
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
1.4 Deductive Validity and Soundness
1.5 Inductive Arguments
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
1.6 Logical Consistency, Truth, Falsity, and Equivalence
1.7 Special Cases of Validity
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 2: SYNTAX AND SYMBOLIZATION
2.1 The Syntax of SL
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
2.2 Introduction to Symbolization
2.3 More Complex Symbolizations
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
2.4 Non-Truth-Functional Uses of Connectives
Chapter 3: Sentential Logic: Semantics
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
3.1 Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Tables for Sentences
3.2 Truth-Functional Truth, Falsity, and Indeterminacy
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
3.3 Truth-Functional Equivalence
3.4 Truth-Functional Consistency
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
3.5 Truth-Functional Entailment and Truth-Functional Validity
3.6 Truth-Functional Properties and Truth-Functional Consistency
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 4: Sentential Logic: Truth-Trees
4.1 The Truth-Tree Method
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
4.2 Truth-Tree Rules
4.3 Using Truth-Trees to test for other Truths
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 5: Sentential Logic: Derivations
5.1 The Derivation System SD
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
5.2 Basic Concepts of SD
5.3 Strategies for Constructing Derivations in SD
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
5.4 The Derivation System SD+
Chapter 6: Sentential Logic: Metatheory
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
6.1 Mathematical Induction
6.2 Truth-Functional Completeness
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
6.3 The Soundness of SD and SD+
6.4 The Completeness of SD and SD+
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Syntax and Symbolization
7.1 Predicates, Singular Terms, and Quantity Expressions of English
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
7.2 The Formal Syntax of PL
7.3 Introduction to Symbolization
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
7.4 Symbolization Fine-Tuned
7.5 The Language PLE (Predicte Logic Extended)
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 8: Predicate Logic: Semantics
8.1 Interpretations
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
8.2 Quantificational Truth, Falsehood, and Indeterminacy
8.3 Quantificational Equivalence and Consistency
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
8.4 Quantification Entailment and Validity
8.5 Truth-Functional Expansions
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
8.6 Semantics for Predicate Logic with Identity and Functors
Chapter 9: Predicate Logic: Truth-Trees
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
9.1 Truth-Tree RUles for PL
9.2 Truth-Trees and Quantificational Consistency
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
9.3 Truth-Trees and Other Semantic Properties
9.4 Fine-Tuning the Tree Method
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
9.5 Trees for PLE
Chapter 10: Predicate Logic: Derivations
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
10.1 The Derivation System PD
10.2 Using Derivations to Establish Syntactic Properties of PD
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
10.3 The Derivation System PD+
10.4 The Derivation System PDE
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Chapter 11: Predicate Logic: Metatheory
11.1 Semantic Preliminaries for PD
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
11.2 Semantic Preliminaries for PLE
11.3 The Soundness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
11.4 The Completeness of PD, PD+, and PDE
11.5 The Soundness of the Tree Method
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
11.6 The Completeness of the Tree Method
Selected Bibliography
Index
Index of Symbols
Index
Index of Symbols
About the Author
Merrie Bergmann
Merrie Bergmann received her Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Toronto and is currently an Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department at Smith College. She has published articles in formal semantics and logic, philosophy of language, and computational linguistics.
James Moor
James Moor received his Ph.D. in history and philosophy of science from Indiana University and is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Dartmouth College. He has developed software for teaching logic and has published articles in philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, logic, philosophy of artificial intelligence, and computer ethics.
Jack Nelson
Jack Nelson received his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Chicago and is currently Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the Interim Chair of the Philosophy Department at Arizona State University. He has developed software for teaching logic and has published articles in personal identity, epistemology, and philosophy of science.
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