ca-inspire-chemistry-sampler

Table 1

Lavoisier’s Table of Simple Substances (Old English Names)

Gases

light, heat, dephlogisticated air, phlogisticated gas, inflammable air

Metals

antimony, silver, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, copper, tin, iron, manganese,

mercury, molybdena, nickel, gold, platina, lead, tungsten, zinc

Nonmetals

sulphur, phosphorus, pure charcoal, radical muriatique*, radical fluorique*,

radical boracique*

Earths

chalk, magnesia, barote, clay, siliceous earth

*no English name

Development of the Periodic Table

In the late 1700s, French scientist Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794) compiled a list of all

elements that were known at the time. The list, shown in

Table 1

, contained 33 elements

organized in four categories. Many of these elements, such as silver, gold, carbon, and

oxygen, have been known since prehistoric times.

The 1800s brought a large increase in the number of known elements. The advent of

electricity, which was used to break down compounds into their components, and the

development of the spectrometer, which was used to identify the newly isolated elements,

played major roles in the advancement of chemistry. The industrial revolution of the mid-

1800s also played a major role, which led to the development of many new chemistry-based

industries, such as the manufacture of petrochemicals, soaps, dyes, and fertilizers. By 1870,

there were over 60 known elements.

Along with the discovery of new elements came volumes of new scientific data related

to the elements and their compounds. Chemists of the time were overwhelmed with

learning the properties of so many new elements and compounds. What chemists

needed was a tool for organizing the many facts associated with the elements.

FOCUS QUESTION

How are elements organized in the periodic table?

LESSON 1

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

Disciplinary Core Ideas

Crosscutting Concepts

Science & Engineering Practices

3D THINKING

COLLECT EVIDENCE

Use your Science Journal to

record the evidence you collect as

you complete the readings and

activities in this lesson.

INVESTIGATE

GO ONLINE

to find these activities and more resources.

Virtual Investigation:

Periodic Properties

Analyze and interpret the data

in the periodic table of elements for

patterns

organization

and the properties of matter.

ChemLAB:

Investigate Descriptive Chemistry

Analyze and interpret data

to determine

patterns

of properties in representative

elements.

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Module 5 • The Periodic Table and Periodic Law