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EARLY AMERICAN WOMEN: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY 1600 - 1900, 3rd Edition
ISBN10: 0073407089 | ISBN13: 9780073407081
© 2014
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Early American Women presents over 100 primary sources in women’s history. Throughout, the lives and experiences of American women from a variety of cultures from the colonial era through the nineteenth century are presented in rich detail.
PART 1 A NEW WORLD: THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES 1
1 First Encounters 3
NARRAGANSETT WOMEN, Roger Williams, 1643 5
WOMEN’S LIVES AMONG THE DELAWARE, John Heckewelder, 1819 9
IROQUOIS WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT, Pierre de Charlevoix, 1721 12
A NEW ENGLAND CAPTIVITY, Mary Rowlandson, 1681 14
LIFE AMONG THE SENECA, Mary Jemison, 1824 20
THE FIRST SHIP, A Chinook Tale 22
2 Well-Ordered Families 25
HUSBANDS AND WIVES, Benjamin Wadsworth, 1712 27
EVANGELICAL CHILD-REARING, Susanna Wesley, 1732 29
TO IMPROVE IN EVERY VIRTUE, Eliza Pinckney, 1750s 33
TIED HAND AND FOOT, Esther Burr, 1756–1757 35
AN ABOMINABLE WICKEDNESS, Abigail Bailey, 1815 41
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
NARRAGANSETT WOMEN, Roger Williams, 1643 5
WOMEN’S LIVES AMONG THE DELAWARE, John Heckewelder, 1819 9
IROQUOIS WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT, Pierre de Charlevoix, 1721 12
A NEW ENGLAND CAPTIVITY, Mary Rowlandson, 1681 14
LIFE AMONG THE SENECA, Mary Jemison, 1824 20
THE FIRST SHIP, A Chinook Tale 22
2 Well-Ordered Families 25
HUSBANDS AND WIVES, Benjamin Wadsworth, 1712 27
EVANGELICAL CHILD-REARING, Susanna Wesley, 1732 29
TO IMPROVE IN EVERY VIRTUE, Eliza Pinckney, 1750s 33
TIED HAND AND FOOT, Esther Burr, 1756–1757 35
AN ABOMINABLE WICKEDNESS, Abigail Bailey, 1815 41
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
IROQUOIS WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT, Pierre de Charlevoix, 1721 12
A NEW ENGLAND CAPTIVITY, Mary Rowlandson, 1681 14
LIFE AMONG THE SENECA, Mary Jemison, 1824 20
THE FIRST SHIP, A Chinook Tale 22
2 Well-Ordered Families 25
HUSBANDS AND WIVES, Benjamin Wadsworth, 1712 27
EVANGELICAL CHILD-REARING, Susanna Wesley, 1732 29
TO IMPROVE IN EVERY VIRTUE, Eliza Pinckney, 1750s 33
TIED HAND AND FOOT, Esther Burr, 1756–1757 35
AN ABOMINABLE WICKEDNESS, Abigail Bailey, 1815 41
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
LIFE AMONG THE SENECA, Mary Jemison, 1824 20
THE FIRST SHIP, A Chinook Tale 22
2 Well-Ordered Families 25
HUSBANDS AND WIVES, Benjamin Wadsworth, 1712 27
EVANGELICAL CHILD-REARING, Susanna Wesley, 1732 29
TO IMPROVE IN EVERY VIRTUE, Eliza Pinckney, 1750s 33
TIED HAND AND FOOT, Esther Burr, 1756–1757 35
AN ABOMINABLE WICKEDNESS, Abigail Bailey, 1815 41
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
2 Well-Ordered Families 25
HUSBANDS AND WIVES, Benjamin Wadsworth, 1712 27
EVANGELICAL CHILD-REARING, Susanna Wesley, 1732 29
TO IMPROVE IN EVERY VIRTUE, Eliza Pinckney, 1750s 33
TIED HAND AND FOOT, Esther Burr, 1756–1757 35
AN ABOMINABLE WICKEDNESS, Abigail Bailey, 1815 41
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
EVANGELICAL CHILD-REARING, Susanna Wesley, 1732 29
TO IMPROVE IN EVERY VIRTUE, Eliza Pinckney, 1750s 33
TIED HAND AND FOOT, Esther Burr, 1756–1757 35
AN ABOMINABLE WICKEDNESS, Abigail Bailey, 1815 41
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
TIED HAND AND FOOT, Esther Burr, 1756–1757 35
AN ABOMINABLE WICKEDNESS, Abigail Bailey, 1815 41
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A DECREE ON SEDUCTION, New Spain, 1752 45
3 The Colonial Economy 47
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
GROWING CORN/GRINDING CORN, Cherokee and Zuni Tales 50
LAWS ON SLAVE DESCENT, Virginia and Maryland, 1662–1692 53
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
SKILLED SLAVES IN MARYLAND, The Maryland Gazette, 1748–1763 55
AN INDENTURED SERVANT’S COMPLAINT, Elizabeth Sprigs, 1756 57
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
APPRENTICESHIP IN PENNSYLVANIA, List of Indentures, 1771–1773 59
ADVENTURE SCHOOLS, Advertisements, 1750s–1770s 61
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A MAINE MIDWIFE, Martha Ballard, 1785 64
4 Women and the Law 70
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
AN ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT, Massachusetts, 1653 72
DIVORCE IN NEW ENGLAND, Connecticut, 1655–1678 74
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A SEPARATION DECISION, Maryland, 1680 76
A FEME SOLE TRADER ACT, South Carolina, 1744 78
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
MALEFACTORS AND COMPLAINANTS, Massachusetts, 1675–1680 79
WIDOWS, WILLS, AND DOWER RIGHTS, Virginia, 1642, and New York, 1721–1759 83
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
WOMEN’S ESTATES, Massachusetts, 1664, and New York, 1747–1759 87
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST ELIZABETH MORSE, Massachusetts, 1679–1680 90
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
5 Religious Experiences 97
THE GHOST WIFE, (Pawnee Tale) 99
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A SPIRITUAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY, Anne Bradstreet, ca. 1670 101
ANNE HUTCHINSON’S TRIAL, Massachusetts Bay, 1637 105 AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
AN EPISTLE TO QUAKER WOMEN, Lancashire Women’s Meeting, 1675 113
NARRATIVE OF OLD ELIZABETH, A Former Slave Recalls Her Religious Conversion of the 1770s 115
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
“JEWISHNESS IS PUSHED ASIDE HERE”, Rebecca Alexander Samuel, 1790s 118
6 The Revolutionary Era 120
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
AN ADDRESS TO GEORGE III, Phillis Wheatley, 1768 123
A CAROLINA PATRIOT, Eliza Wilkinson, 1782 124
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A LOYALIST WIFE, Grace Galloway, 1778–1779 126
DESCRIPTION OF MOLLY BRANT, MOHAWK AND LOYALIST, Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin, c. 1780 129
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
REMEMBER THE LADIES, Abigail Adams, 1776 130
THOUGHTS UPON FEMALE EDUCATION, Benjamin Rush, 1787 133
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
EXCELLENCY IN OUR SEX, Judith Sargent Murray, 1790 137
FROM CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, Susanna Haswell Rowson, 1791 140
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
Suggestions for Further Reading 141
PART 2 THE YOUNG NATION, 1800–1860 145
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
7 The Middle Class: Domestic Lives 147
MATRIMONIAL RISKS, Emma Willard, 1815 149
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
THE DEFERENTIAL WIFE, Caroline Gilman, 1838 151
SYSTEM AND ORDER, Catharine Beecher, 1841 153
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
FIRST TO NONE, Catharine M. Sedgwick, 1828 156
THE WIDOWED STATE, Sarah Connell Ayer, 1832–1833 158
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
8 The School and the Mill 166
RULES OF THE SCHOOL, Eliza Ann Mulford, 1814 168
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A RATIONALE FOR FEMALE EDUCATION, Emma Willard, 1819 170
A CHOCTAW MISSION SCHOOL, Miss Burnham’s Report, 1824 173
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
REPORTS ON WESTERN SCHOOLS, Letters from Teachers, 1847 176
RULES OF THE MILL, Lowell and Lancaster, 1820–1840 180
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A LETTER FROM LOWELL, Harriet Farley, 1844 183
A SPIRIT OF PROTEST, The Voice of Industry, 1846 187
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
9 Western Frontiers 191
A SPANISH MISSION IN CALIFORNIA, Eulalia Perez on the 1820s 193
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A NORWEGIAN IMMIGRANT IN WISCONSIN, Jannicke Saehle, 1847 197
A MORMON CONVERT CROSSES THE PLAINS, Jean Rio Baker, 1851 200
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A WOMAN’S VIEW OF THE GOLD RUSH, Mary B. Ballou, 1852 205
CHEROKEE WOMEN RESIST REMOVAL, Petitions of the Women’s Councils, 1817, 1818 209
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
LIFE AMONG THE PIUTES, Sarah Winnemucca, 1883 211
A WOMAN KILLS HER DAUGHTER, A Sioux Tale 215
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
10 Mistress and Slave 219
AN ALABAMA DIARY,Sarah Haynesworth Gayle, 1828, 1833 221
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
THE CRUEL MISTRESS, Angelina Grimké Weld, 1839 224
MRS. CHESNUT’S COMPLAINT,Mary Boykin Chesnut, 1861 227
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A GEORGIA PLANTATION,Fanny Kemble, 1838–1839 230
AN ATMOSPHERE OF LICENTIOUSNESS AND FEAR,Harriet A. Jacobs, 1861 233
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
ROSE WILLIAMS’S STORY, Federal Writers’ Project Interviews, 1941 236
11 The Reform Impulse 240
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
SEDUCED AND ABANDONED,The Advocate of Moral Reform, 1838 242
THE WATER CURE, Mary S. Gove, 1846 245
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
O, YE DAUGHTERS OF AFRICA, AWAKE!,Maria W. Stewart, 1831 248
A LETTER TO THE LIBERATOR, Andover Female Antislavery Society, 1836 249
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
REPLY TO THE MASSACHUSETTS CLERGY, Sarah Grimké, 1837 251
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 253
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
LUCY STONE’S MARRIAGE PROTEST, Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 1855 257
SOJOURNER TRUTH SPEAKS, 1851 259
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
Suggestions for Further Reading 261
PART 3 THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1860–1900 265
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
12 Civil War and Reconstruction 267
A UNION NURSE, Louisa May Alcott, 1863 269
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
NORTHERN WOMEN ON FARMS,Mary A. Livermore, 1890 273
A WARTIME MISTRESS, Louticia Jackson, 1863 275
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
CONFRONTING DEFEAT, Eva B. Jones, 1865 277
MOMENTS OF EMANCIPATION,Accounts of Former Slaves, 1865 and After 281
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
TEACHING THE FREEDMEN,Sarah Chase and Lucy Chase, 1866–1868 290
VISITS FROM THE KLAN,Harriet Hernandes Testifies, 1871 294
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
“DEY WENT OUT LAUGHIN’ FIT TO KILL”,Anna Parkes on the 1870s 296
A FORMER SLAVE REMEMBERS THE WAR Susie King Taylor, 1902 297
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
13 Urban Wage Earners 300
NEW YORK PROSTITUTES, William Sanger, 1858 302
CONTRACT BETWEEN MEE YUNG AND YUT KUM,San Francisco, 1874 307
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
OBJECTIONS TO DOMESTIC SERVICE,Lucy Maynard Salmon, 1897 308
BLACK SERVANTS IN PHILADELPHIA, Isabel Eaton, 1899 311
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
THE OFFICE CLERK, Clara Lanza, 1891 313
A LABOR ORGANIZER, Leonora Barry, 1888 316
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
14 College Women 319
MISS D. AND MISS E., Edward H. Clarke, 1873 321
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
SEX IN EDUCATION ATTACKED,Julia Ward Howe et al., 1874 324
A DEBATE OVER COEDUCATION,Olive Anderson, 1878 328
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A COLLEGE ROMANCE, M. Carey Thomas, 1877 332
AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AT OBERLIN,Mary Church Terrell on the 1880s 335
THE MARRIAGE QUESTION,Milicent Washburn Shinn, 1895 339
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
15 Clubs, Causes, and Reform 342
A TEMPERANCE TALE, Mary Clement Leavitt, 1888 344
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
THE WOMAN’S CLUB, Cleveland Sorosis, 1893 346
THE BLACK CLUB MOVEMENT,Fannie Barrier Williams, ca. 1900 348
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
AN INDIAN TEACHER AMONG INDIANS, Zitkala- S¨ a, 1900 350
EARLY DAYS AT HULL-HOUSE, Jane Addams, 1892 353
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
SOCIALISM DEFENDED, Florence Kelley, 1887 357
A WHITE WOMAN’S FALSEHOOD, Ida B. Wells, 1894 359
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
16 Woman Suffrage/Women’s Rights 363
THE JOYS OF ACTIVISM, Julia Ward Howe, 1899 365
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
POLITICAL LESSONS, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony on the 1860s 368
WE ARE ALL BOUND UP TOGETHER,Frances Ellen Harper, 1866 370
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
SUSAN B. ANTHONY ON TRIAL (1873) 373
WORKING WOMEN DEBATE WOMAN SUFFRAGE,The Shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, 1874 375
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
LOSING THE WEST, The South Dakota Campaign of 1890 378
AN “ANTI” SPEAKS OUT, Amelia Barr, 1896 380
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
17 New Women/ New Century 383
THE ILLS OF THE HOME, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1903 384
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
CITY HOUSEKEEPING, Jane Addams, 1906 387
A VOICE FROM THE SOUTH, Anna J. Cooper, 1892 388
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
“THIS IS THE SOUTH’S IDEA OF JUSTICE”,An Alabama Woman, 1902 390
IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR JOBS,Caroline Manning on the Early 1900s 392
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
A SWEATSHOP GIRL’S STORY, Sadie Frowne, 1902 394
Suggestions for Further Reading 400
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