Joseph Fiksel
Design for Environment, Second Edition
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2
August 5, 2011
9780071776226
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Proven methods for achieving environmental excellence while increasing profitability
"If your goal is to design and develop environmentally sustainable products that also drive shareholder value, then this book is a must read." --Stuart L. Hart, S.C. Johnson Chair in Sustainable Global Enterprise, Cornell University
"A comprehensive and inspiring guide that provides a powerful case for integration of environmental principles into product development ... Essential reading for any organization putting DFE into practice." --Ken Strassner, Vice President, Global Environment, Safety, Regulatory and Scientific Affairs, Kimberly-Clark Corporation
“Joseph Fiksel has produced a masterful book that not only powerfully argues for Design for Environment, but also provides the roadmap and real-life examples that prove the point. This book arrives not a moment too soon for a stressed planet. Industry has the opportunity to re-think how we design, produce, sell and dispose of products, and this book provides the tools and best practices to accomplish a new and improved way of doing business.” –-Jim Thomas, Vice President, Corporate Social Responsibility, JCPenney
“A must read for all practitioners of a Design for Environment approach. This book makes the most compelling case yet for taking a more integrated and holistic approach to DFE—the bottom line! Green initiatives must increase profitability to be truly sustainable, and Dr. Fiksel provides the blueprint for how global companies are enhancing profits and winning in the marketplace by designing their way to competitive advantage.” --Jim Lime, Vice President, Environment, Health & Safety, ConAgra Foods
"At a time when many companies are wrestling with the challenges of energy and environmental management, Design for Environment provides a unique resource—a clear and comprehensive guide to the tools and best practices that are essential for any business that aspires to be sustainable. Innovation will be the key to addressing global climate change and assuring future prosperity, and this book illuminates the path forward." --Dennis Welch, Executive Vice President, Environment, Safety & Health and Facilities, American Electric Power
Based on successful green strategies practiced at dozens of major corporations, Design for Environment, Second Edition, offers a business rationale for developing sustainable products and processes, as well as a comprehensive toolkit for practicing Design for Environment (DFE) in the context of product life-cycle management. Insights on how DFE can be seamlessly integrated into existing business practices are also included. This unique resource reveals how environmental innovation creates business value and helps companies to meet global energy and environmental challenges.
Features in-depth case studies of DFE applications by industry leaders such as:
Alcoa * American Electric Power * Caterpillar * Coca-Cola * ConAgra Foods * Dow Chemical Company * DuPont * Eli Lilly * Ford Motor Company * General Motors * Hewlett-Packard * Intel * JCPenney * Johnson & Johnson * Kimberly-Clark * McDonald's * Owens Corning * Patagonia * 3M Company * Xerox
Design for Environment, Second Edition
2nd Edition
By Joseph Fiksel
ISBN10: 0071776222
ISBN13: 9780071776226
Copyright: 2012
ISBN10: 0071776222
ISBN13: 9780071776226
Copyright: 2012
09780071776226
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The estimated amount of time this product will be on the market is based on a number of factors, including faculty input to instructional design and the prior revision cycle and updates to academic research-which typically results in a revision cycle ranging from every two to four years for this product. Pricing subject to change at any time.
The estimated amount of time this product will be on the market is based on a number of factors, including faculty input to instructional design and the prior revision cycle and updates to academic research-which typically results in a revision cycle ranging from every two to four years for this product. Pricing subject to change at any time.
Program Details
1 Introduction
A Sense of Urgency
The Basic Premise
The Hidden Mountain
The Emergence of DFE
DFE Implementation Challenges
Using This Book
Part 1 Answering the Call: The Green Movement
2 Motivating Forces
Wake-Up Calls
A Rediscovery of Ancient Values
The Global Sustainability Agenda
The Response of Industry
3 External Drivers: The Voice of Society
Green Expectations
How Clean Is Green?
Confronting Climate Change
Governmental Initiatives: Stick and Carrot
International Directives
United States Initiatives
Environmental Management System Standards
Sustainability Rating Schemes
Eco-Labeling Programs
Voluntary Codes and Principles
Environmental Advocacy Groups
4 Business Value Drivers
Sustainability Goes Mainstream
Evolution of Environmental Strategy
Pathways to Value Creation
The Sustainability Landscape
Part 2 Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
5 Managing Environmental Innovation
The Rise of Green Markets
Integrated Product Development
Organizing for Environmental Excellence
Practicing Concurrent Engineering
Understanding Product Life Cycles
Collaborating with Stakeholders
6 Principles of Design for Environment
Life-Cycle Thinking
System Perspective
Indicators and Metrics
Design Strategies
Analysis Methods
Information Technology
Learning from Nature
From Principles to Practices
7 Performance Indicators and Metrics
Measure Up!
Why Measure Environmental Performance?
Enterprise Performance Frameworks
Identifying Aspects and Indicators
Choosing Environmental Performance Metrics
Relationship of Metrics to Indicators
Categories of Metrics
Applicability and Scope of Metrics
Aggregation and Scoring Schemes
Future Challenges and Opportunities
8 Design Rules and Guidelines
DFE Rules!
Catalogue of DFE Guidelines
A. Design for Dematerialization
A.1 Design for Energy and Material Conservation
A.2 Design for Source Reduction
A.3 Design for Servicization
B. Design for Detoxification
B.1 Design for Release Reduction
B.2 Design for Hazard Reduction
B.3 Design for Benign Waste Disposition
C. Design for Revalorization
C.1 Design for Product Recovery
C.2 Design for Product Disassembly
C.3 Design for Recyclability
D. Design for Capital Protection and Renewal
D.1 Design for Human Capital
D.2 Design for Natural Capital
D.3 Design for Economic Capital
Advanced Resource Recovery
Resource Cascading
Industrial Ecology
9 Analysis Methods for Design Decisions
Analyze This!
Tangible Evaluation
Qualitative Assessment
Criteria-Based Checklists
Scoring Matrices
Environmental Analysis
Footprint Indicators
Life-Cycle Assessment
Predictive Simulation
Risk Analysis
Financial Analysis
Life-Cycle Accounting
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Examples of DFE Decisions
Consumer Electronic Product Design
Heat Transfer Process Design
The Challenges of Decision Making
10 Product Life-Cycle Management
Putting It All Together
Caterpillar: New Engines from Old
Extended Producer Responsibility
Benefits of Remanufacturing
Design for Remanufacturing
3M: Responsible Innovation
A History of Environmental Leadership
Life Cycle Management Program
Examples of Product Applications
Toward Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Integrated Business Decision Making
Part 3 Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
11 Electronic Equipment Industries
Overview
Xerox Corporation: Reducing the Footprint of Printing
A Pioneering Commitment
Designing Total Systems
Closing the Loop through Asset Recovery
Customer Benefits
Hewlett Packard: A Green Giant
Stewardship the HP Way
Design for Environment Program
Greening the Data Center
Sony Electronics: Innovation in Design
Green Management
Life-Cycle Innovation
12 Transportation Industries
Overview
Sustainable Mobility Research
DFE in the Transportation Life Cycle
General Motors: Product and Process Innovation
A Roadmap for Sustainability
Chevrolet Volt: A New Automotive DNA
By-Product Management: No More Landfilling
Toyota: The Future of Propulsion
DuPont: Eco-Efficient Automotive Paint
13 Chemical Industries
Overview
Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Dow Chemical: Raising the Bar
The Journey toward Sustainability
Polyethylene from Sugar Cane
Green Chemistry at Dow AgroSciences
DuPont: Realizing Sustainable Growth
BASF: Beyond Eco-Efficiency
14 Medical and Pharmaceutical Industries
Overview
Health Care Without Harm
Johnson & Johnson: A Matter of Principle
Healthy Planet Initiative
DFE Practices
Baxter: Saving and Sustaining Lives
A Culture of Sustainability
Product Sustainability Review
Product End-of-Life
Integrated “Lean and Clean” Engineering
Eli Lilly and Company: Reducing the Environmental Footprint
Environmental Achievements and Goals
Leading-Edge Environmental Practices
Applying Green Chemistry for Source Reduction
Lean Six Sigma for Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging for Medical Devices
15 Food and Beverage Industries
Overview
Coca-Cola: Global Responsibility
Measuring Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging
Sustainable Refrigeration
ConAgra Foods: Packaging Innovation
General Mills: Nourishing the Future
Unilever: A Vitality Mentality
16 Consumer Products Industries
Overview
Kimberly-Clark: Getting Serious about DFE
Applying DFE to Product Development
Using LCA to Develop Greener Baby Wipes
Looking to the Future
Procter & Gamble: Ensuring a Better Quality of Life
Mohawk Industries: Naturally Stain-Resistant Carpet
Patagonia: Dancing on the Fringe
17 Materials Production Industries
Overview
Alcoa: Toward Sustainable Materials Management
Strategic Framework for Sustainability
Converting Wastes to Products in Brazil
Holcim: Creating Lasting Value
A Sustainability Mindset
Process Improvement Initiatives
Envirocore™ Family of Products
Global Cement Sustainability Initiative
Owens Corning: A Passion for Environmental Excellence
Organizing for Sustainability
A Sustainable Factory
18 Energy Production Industries
Overview
DFE in Energy Innovation
American Electric Power: Keeping the Lights On
The Challenges of Sustainability
High-Voltage Transmission Line Design
Industrial Ecology in Action
Chevron: The Power of Human Energy
Filling the Pipeline
Developing the Next Generation of Biofuels
19 Service Industries
Environmental Footprint of Services
DFE in Service Industries
Examples of Industry Practices
Retailing Industry
Food and Beverage Services
Package Delivery Services
Financial Services
Tourism and Recreational Services
Part 4 Conclusion: The Road Ahead
20 Sustainability and Resilience
The Outlook for Sustainable Growth
The Need for Systems Thinking
Toward Resilient Enterprise Systems
21 Summary
Part 1. Answering the Call: The Green Movement
Part 2. Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
Part 3. Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
Part 4. Conclusion: The Road Ahead
Glossary
Index
A Sense of Urgency
The Basic Premise
The Hidden Mountain
The Emergence of DFE
DFE Implementation Challenges
Using This Book
Part 1 Answering the Call: The Green Movement
2 Motivating Forces
Wake-Up Calls
A Rediscovery of Ancient Values
The Global Sustainability Agenda
The Response of Industry
3 External Drivers: The Voice of Society
Green Expectations
How Clean Is Green?
Confronting Climate Change
Governmental Initiatives: Stick and Carrot
International Directives
United States Initiatives
Environmental Management System Standards
Sustainability Rating Schemes
Eco-Labeling Programs
Voluntary Codes and Principles
Environmental Advocacy Groups
4 Business Value Drivers
Sustainability Goes Mainstream
Evolution of Environmental Strategy
Pathways to Value Creation
The Sustainability Landscape
Part 2 Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
5 Managing Environmental Innovation
The Rise of Green Markets
Integrated Product Development
Organizing for Environmental Excellence
Practicing Concurrent Engineering
Understanding Product Life Cycles
Collaborating with Stakeholders
6 Principles of Design for Environment
Life-Cycle Thinking
System Perspective
Indicators and Metrics
Design Strategies
Analysis Methods
Information Technology
Learning from Nature
From Principles to Practices
7 Performance Indicators and Metrics
Measure Up!
Why Measure Environmental Performance?
Enterprise Performance Frameworks
Identifying Aspects and Indicators
Choosing Environmental Performance Metrics
Relationship of Metrics to Indicators
Categories of Metrics
Applicability and Scope of Metrics
Aggregation and Scoring Schemes
Future Challenges and Opportunities
8 Design Rules and Guidelines
DFE Rules!
Catalogue of DFE Guidelines
A. Design for Dematerialization
A.1 Design for Energy and Material Conservation
A.2 Design for Source Reduction
A.3 Design for Servicization
B. Design for Detoxification
B.1 Design for Release Reduction
B.2 Design for Hazard Reduction
B.3 Design for Benign Waste Disposition
C. Design for Revalorization
C.1 Design for Product Recovery
C.2 Design for Product Disassembly
C.3 Design for Recyclability
D. Design for Capital Protection and Renewal
D.1 Design for Human Capital
D.2 Design for Natural Capital
D.3 Design for Economic Capital
Advanced Resource Recovery
Resource Cascading
Industrial Ecology
9 Analysis Methods for Design Decisions
Analyze This!
Tangible Evaluation
Qualitative Assessment
Criteria-Based Checklists
Scoring Matrices
Environmental Analysis
Footprint Indicators
Life-Cycle Assessment
Predictive Simulation
Risk Analysis
Financial Analysis
Life-Cycle Accounting
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Examples of DFE Decisions
Consumer Electronic Product Design
Heat Transfer Process Design
The Challenges of Decision Making
10 Product Life-Cycle Management
Putting It All Together
Caterpillar: New Engines from Old
Extended Producer Responsibility
Benefits of Remanufacturing
Design for Remanufacturing
3M: Responsible Innovation
A History of Environmental Leadership
Life Cycle Management Program
Examples of Product Applications
Toward Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Integrated Business Decision Making
Part 3 Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
11 Electronic Equipment Industries
Overview
Xerox Corporation: Reducing the Footprint of Printing
A Pioneering Commitment
Designing Total Systems
Closing the Loop through Asset Recovery
Customer Benefits
Hewlett Packard: A Green Giant
Stewardship the HP Way
Design for Environment Program
Greening the Data Center
Sony Electronics: Innovation in Design
Green Management
Life-Cycle Innovation
12 Transportation Industries
Overview
Sustainable Mobility Research
DFE in the Transportation Life Cycle
General Motors: Product and Process Innovation
A Roadmap for Sustainability
Chevrolet Volt: A New Automotive DNA
By-Product Management: No More Landfilling
Toyota: The Future of Propulsion
DuPont: Eco-Efficient Automotive Paint
13 Chemical Industries
Overview
Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Dow Chemical: Raising the Bar
The Journey toward Sustainability
Polyethylene from Sugar Cane
Green Chemistry at Dow AgroSciences
DuPont: Realizing Sustainable Growth
BASF: Beyond Eco-Efficiency
14 Medical and Pharmaceutical Industries
Overview
Health Care Without Harm
Johnson & Johnson: A Matter of Principle
Healthy Planet Initiative
DFE Practices
Baxter: Saving and Sustaining Lives
A Culture of Sustainability
Product Sustainability Review
Product End-of-Life
Integrated “Lean and Clean” Engineering
Eli Lilly and Company: Reducing the Environmental Footprint
Environmental Achievements and Goals
Leading-Edge Environmental Practices
Applying Green Chemistry for Source Reduction
Lean Six Sigma for Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging for Medical Devices
15 Food and Beverage Industries
Overview
Coca-Cola: Global Responsibility
Measuring Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging
Sustainable Refrigeration
ConAgra Foods: Packaging Innovation
General Mills: Nourishing the Future
Unilever: A Vitality Mentality
16 Consumer Products Industries
Overview
Kimberly-Clark: Getting Serious about DFE
Applying DFE to Product Development
Using LCA to Develop Greener Baby Wipes
Looking to the Future
Procter & Gamble: Ensuring a Better Quality of Life
Mohawk Industries: Naturally Stain-Resistant Carpet
Patagonia: Dancing on the Fringe
17 Materials Production Industries
Overview
Alcoa: Toward Sustainable Materials Management
Strategic Framework for Sustainability
Converting Wastes to Products in Brazil
Holcim: Creating Lasting Value
A Sustainability Mindset
Process Improvement Initiatives
Envirocore™ Family of Products
Global Cement Sustainability Initiative
Owens Corning: A Passion for Environmental Excellence
Organizing for Sustainability
A Sustainable Factory
18 Energy Production Industries
Overview
DFE in Energy Innovation
American Electric Power: Keeping the Lights On
The Challenges of Sustainability
High-Voltage Transmission Line Design
Industrial Ecology in Action
Chevron: The Power of Human Energy
Filling the Pipeline
Developing the Next Generation of Biofuels
19 Service Industries
Environmental Footprint of Services
DFE in Service Industries
Examples of Industry Practices
Retailing Industry
Food and Beverage Services
Package Delivery Services
Financial Services
Tourism and Recreational Services
Part 4 Conclusion: The Road Ahead
20 Sustainability and Resilience
The Outlook for Sustainable Growth
The Need for Systems Thinking
Toward Resilient Enterprise Systems
21 Summary
Part 1. Answering the Call: The Green Movement
Part 2. Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
Part 3. Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
Part 4. Conclusion: The Road Ahead
Glossary
Index
About the Author
Joseph Fiksel
1 Introduction
A Sense of Urgency
The Basic Premise
The Hidden Mountain
The Emergence of DFE
DFE Implementation Challenges
Using This Book
Part 1 Answering the Call: The Green Movement
2 Motivating Forces
Wake-Up Calls
A Rediscovery of Ancient Values
The Global Sustainability Agenda
The Response of Industry
3 External Drivers: The Voice of Society
Green Expectations
How Clean Is Green?
Confronting Climate Change
Governmental Initiatives: Stick and Carrot
International Directives
United States Initiatives
Environmental Management System Standards
Sustainability Rating Schemes
Eco-Labeling Programs
Voluntary Codes and Principles
Environmental Advocacy Groups
4 Business Value Drivers
Sustainability Goes Mainstream
Evolution of Environmental Strategy
Pathways to Value Creation
The Sustainability Landscape
Part 2 Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
5 Managing Environmental Innovation
The Rise of Green Markets
Integrated Product Development
Organizing for Environmental Excellence
Practicing Concurrent Engineering
Understanding Product Life Cycles
Collaborating with Stakeholders
6 Principles of Design for Environment
Life-Cycle Thinking
System Perspective
Indicators and Metrics
Design Strategies
Analysis Methods
Information Technology
Learning from Nature
From Principles to Practices
7 Performance Indicators and Metrics
Measure Up!
Why Measure Environmental Performance?
Enterprise Performance Frameworks
Identifying Aspects and Indicators
Choosing Environmental Performance Metrics
Relationship of Metrics to Indicators
Categories of Metrics
Applicability and Scope of Metrics
Aggregation and Scoring Schemes
Future Challenges and Opportunities
8 Design Rules and Guidelines
DFE Rules!
Catalogue of DFE Guidelines
A. Design for Dematerialization
A.1 Design for Energy and Material Conservation
A.2 Design for Source Reduction
A.3 Design for Servicization
B. Design for Detoxification
B.1 Design for Release Reduction
B.2 Design for Hazard Reduction
B.3 Design for Benign Waste Disposition
C. Design for Revalorization
C.1 Design for Product Recovery
C.2 Design for Product Disassembly
C.3 Design for Recyclability
D. Design for Capital Protection and Renewal
D.1 Design for Human Capital
D.2 Design for Natural Capital
D.3 Design for Economic Capital
Advanced Resource Recovery
Resource Cascading
Industrial Ecology
9 Analysis Methods for Design Decisions
Analyze This!
Tangible Evaluation
Qualitative Assessment
Criteria-Based Checklists
Scoring Matrices
Environmental Analysis
Footprint Indicators
Life-Cycle Assessment
Predictive Simulation
Risk Analysis
Financial Analysis
Life-Cycle Accounting
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Examples of DFE Decisions
Consumer Electronic Product Design
Heat Transfer Process Design
The Challenges of Decision Making
10 Product Life-Cycle Management
Putting It All Together
Caterpillar: New Engines from Old
Extended Producer Responsibility
Benefits of Remanufacturing
Design for Remanufacturing
3M: Responsible Innovation
A History of Environmental Leadership
Life Cycle Management Program
Examples of Product Applications
Toward Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Integrated Business Decision Making
Part 3 Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
11 Electronic Equipment Industries
Overview
Xerox Corporation: Reducing the Footprint of Printing
A Pioneering Commitment
Designing Total Systems
Closing the Loop through Asset Recovery
Customer Benefits
Hewlett Packard: A Green Giant
Stewardship the HP Way
Design for Environment Program
Greening the Data Center
Sony Electronics: Innovation in Design
Green Management
Life-Cycle Innovation
12 Transportation Industries
Overview
Sustainable Mobility Research
DFE in the Transportation Life Cycle
General Motors: Product and Process Innovation
A Roadmap for Sustainability
Chevrolet Volt: A New Automotive DNA
By-Product Management: No More Landfilling
Toyota: The Future of Propulsion
DuPont: Eco-Efficient Automotive Paint
13 Chemical Industries
Overview
Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Dow Chemical: Raising the Bar
The Journey toward Sustainability
Polyethylene from Sugar Cane
Green Chemistry at Dow AgroSciences
DuPont: Realizing Sustainable Growth
BASF: Beyond Eco-Efficiency
14 Medical and Pharmaceutical Industries
Overview
Health Care Without Harm
Johnson & Johnson: A Matter of Principle
Healthy Planet Initiative
DFE Practices
Baxter: Saving and Sustaining Lives
A Culture of Sustainability
Product Sustainability Review
Product End-of-Life
Integrated “Lean and Clean” Engineering
Eli Lilly and Company: Reducing the Environmental Footprint
Environmental Achievements and Goals
Leading-Edge Environmental Practices
Applying Green Chemistry for Source Reduction
Lean Six Sigma for Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging for Medical Devices
15 Food and Beverage Industries
Overview
Coca-Cola: Global Responsibility
Measuring Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging
Sustainable Refrigeration
ConAgra Foods: Packaging Innovation
General Mills: Nourishing the Future
Unilever: A Vitality Mentality
16 Consumer Products Industries
Overview
Kimberly-Clark: Getting Serious about DFE
Applying DFE to Product Development
Using LCA to Develop Greener Baby Wipes
Looking to the Future
Procter & Gamble: Ensuring a Better Quality of Life
Mohawk Industries: Naturally Stain-Resistant Carpet
Patagonia: Dancing on the Fringe
17 Materials Production Industries
Overview
Alcoa: Toward Sustainable Materials Management
Strategic Framework for Sustainability
Converting Wastes to Products in Brazil
Holcim: Creating Lasting Value
A Sustainability Mindset
Process Improvement Initiatives
Envirocore™ Family of Products
Global Cement Sustainability Initiative
Owens Corning: A Passion for Environmental Excellence
Organizing for Sustainability
A Sustainable Factory
18 Energy Production Industries
Overview
DFE in Energy Innovation
American Electric Power: Keeping the Lights On
The Challenges of Sustainability
High-Voltage Transmission Line Design
Industrial Ecology in Action
Chevron: The Power of Human Energy
Filling the Pipeline
Developing the Next Generation of Biofuels
19 Service Industries
Environmental Footprint of Services
DFE in Service Industries
Examples of Industry Practices
Retailing Industry
Food and Beverage Services
Package Delivery Services
Financial Services
Tourism and Recreational Services
Part 4 Conclusion: The Road Ahead
20 Sustainability and Resilience
The Outlook for Sustainable Growth
The Need for Systems Thinking
Toward Resilient Enterprise Systems
21 Summary
Part 1. Answering the Call: The Green Movement
Part 2. Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
Part 3. Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
Part 4. Conclusion: The Road Ahead
Glossary
Index
A Sense of Urgency
The Basic Premise
The Hidden Mountain
The Emergence of DFE
DFE Implementation Challenges
Using This Book
Part 1 Answering the Call: The Green Movement
2 Motivating Forces
Wake-Up Calls
A Rediscovery of Ancient Values
The Global Sustainability Agenda
The Response of Industry
3 External Drivers: The Voice of Society
Green Expectations
How Clean Is Green?
Confronting Climate Change
Governmental Initiatives: Stick and Carrot
International Directives
United States Initiatives
Environmental Management System Standards
Sustainability Rating Schemes
Eco-Labeling Programs
Voluntary Codes and Principles
Environmental Advocacy Groups
4 Business Value Drivers
Sustainability Goes Mainstream
Evolution of Environmental Strategy
Pathways to Value Creation
The Sustainability Landscape
Part 2 Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
5 Managing Environmental Innovation
The Rise of Green Markets
Integrated Product Development
Organizing for Environmental Excellence
Practicing Concurrent Engineering
Understanding Product Life Cycles
Collaborating with Stakeholders
6 Principles of Design for Environment
Life-Cycle Thinking
System Perspective
Indicators and Metrics
Design Strategies
Analysis Methods
Information Technology
Learning from Nature
From Principles to Practices
7 Performance Indicators and Metrics
Measure Up!
Why Measure Environmental Performance?
Enterprise Performance Frameworks
Identifying Aspects and Indicators
Choosing Environmental Performance Metrics
Relationship of Metrics to Indicators
Categories of Metrics
Applicability and Scope of Metrics
Aggregation and Scoring Schemes
Future Challenges and Opportunities
8 Design Rules and Guidelines
DFE Rules!
Catalogue of DFE Guidelines
A. Design for Dematerialization
A.1 Design for Energy and Material Conservation
A.2 Design for Source Reduction
A.3 Design for Servicization
B. Design for Detoxification
B.1 Design for Release Reduction
B.2 Design for Hazard Reduction
B.3 Design for Benign Waste Disposition
C. Design for Revalorization
C.1 Design for Product Recovery
C.2 Design for Product Disassembly
C.3 Design for Recyclability
D. Design for Capital Protection and Renewal
D.1 Design for Human Capital
D.2 Design for Natural Capital
D.3 Design for Economic Capital
Advanced Resource Recovery
Resource Cascading
Industrial Ecology
9 Analysis Methods for Design Decisions
Analyze This!
Tangible Evaluation
Qualitative Assessment
Criteria-Based Checklists
Scoring Matrices
Environmental Analysis
Footprint Indicators
Life-Cycle Assessment
Predictive Simulation
Risk Analysis
Financial Analysis
Life-Cycle Accounting
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Examples of DFE Decisions
Consumer Electronic Product Design
Heat Transfer Process Design
The Challenges of Decision Making
10 Product Life-Cycle Management
Putting It All Together
Caterpillar: New Engines from Old
Extended Producer Responsibility
Benefits of Remanufacturing
Design for Remanufacturing
3M: Responsible Innovation
A History of Environmental Leadership
Life Cycle Management Program
Examples of Product Applications
Toward Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Integrated Business Decision Making
Part 3 Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
11 Electronic Equipment Industries
Overview
Xerox Corporation: Reducing the Footprint of Printing
A Pioneering Commitment
Designing Total Systems
Closing the Loop through Asset Recovery
Customer Benefits
Hewlett Packard: A Green Giant
Stewardship the HP Way
Design for Environment Program
Greening the Data Center
Sony Electronics: Innovation in Design
Green Management
Life-Cycle Innovation
12 Transportation Industries
Overview
Sustainable Mobility Research
DFE in the Transportation Life Cycle
General Motors: Product and Process Innovation
A Roadmap for Sustainability
Chevrolet Volt: A New Automotive DNA
By-Product Management: No More Landfilling
Toyota: The Future of Propulsion
DuPont: Eco-Efficient Automotive Paint
13 Chemical Industries
Overview
Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Dow Chemical: Raising the Bar
The Journey toward Sustainability
Polyethylene from Sugar Cane
Green Chemistry at Dow AgroSciences
DuPont: Realizing Sustainable Growth
BASF: Beyond Eco-Efficiency
14 Medical and Pharmaceutical Industries
Overview
Health Care Without Harm
Johnson & Johnson: A Matter of Principle
Healthy Planet Initiative
DFE Practices
Baxter: Saving and Sustaining Lives
A Culture of Sustainability
Product Sustainability Review
Product End-of-Life
Integrated “Lean and Clean” Engineering
Eli Lilly and Company: Reducing the Environmental Footprint
Environmental Achievements and Goals
Leading-Edge Environmental Practices
Applying Green Chemistry for Source Reduction
Lean Six Sigma for Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging for Medical Devices
15 Food and Beverage Industries
Overview
Coca-Cola: Global Responsibility
Measuring Environmental Performance
Sustainable Packaging
Sustainable Refrigeration
ConAgra Foods: Packaging Innovation
General Mills: Nourishing the Future
Unilever: A Vitality Mentality
16 Consumer Products Industries
Overview
Kimberly-Clark: Getting Serious about DFE
Applying DFE to Product Development
Using LCA to Develop Greener Baby Wipes
Looking to the Future
Procter & Gamble: Ensuring a Better Quality of Life
Mohawk Industries: Naturally Stain-Resistant Carpet
Patagonia: Dancing on the Fringe
17 Materials Production Industries
Overview
Alcoa: Toward Sustainable Materials Management
Strategic Framework for Sustainability
Converting Wastes to Products in Brazil
Holcim: Creating Lasting Value
A Sustainability Mindset
Process Improvement Initiatives
Envirocore™ Family of Products
Global Cement Sustainability Initiative
Owens Corning: A Passion for Environmental Excellence
Organizing for Sustainability
A Sustainable Factory
18 Energy Production Industries
Overview
DFE in Energy Innovation
American Electric Power: Keeping the Lights On
The Challenges of Sustainability
High-Voltage Transmission Line Design
Industrial Ecology in Action
Chevron: The Power of Human Energy
Filling the Pipeline
Developing the Next Generation of Biofuels
19 Service Industries
Environmental Footprint of Services
DFE in Service Industries
Examples of Industry Practices
Retailing Industry
Food and Beverage Services
Package Delivery Services
Financial Services
Tourism and Recreational Services
Part 4 Conclusion: The Road Ahead
20 Sustainability and Resilience
The Outlook for Sustainable Growth
The Need for Systems Thinking
Toward Resilient Enterprise Systems
21 Summary
Part 1. Answering the Call: The Green Movement
Part 2. Charting the Course: The Art and Science of Design for Environment
Part 3. Walking the Talk: The Real-World Practice of Design for Environment
Part 4. Conclusion: The Road Ahead
Glossary
Index
About the Author
Joseph Fiksel
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