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Lesson 1
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
• states of matter
• solid
• liquid
• gas
• vapor
• physical property
• extensive property
• intensive property
• chemical property
• Four states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
• Physical properties can be observed without altering a
substance’s composition.
• Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to combine
with or change into one or more new substances.
• External conditions can affect both physical and chemical properties.
Lesson 2
CHANGES IN MATTER
• physical change
• phase change
• chemical change
• law of conservation of mass
• A physical change alters the physical properties of a substance
without changing its composition.
• A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, involves a
change in a substance’s composition.
• In a chemical reaction, reactants form products.
• The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither
created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved.
Lesson 3
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
• element
• periodic table
• compound
• law of definite proportions
• percent by mass
• law of multiple proportions
• Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
• Elements are organized in the periodic table of the elements.
• Compounds are chemical combinations of two or more elements,
and their properties differ from the properties of their compo-
nent elements.
• The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always
composed of the same elements in the same proportions.
• The law of multiple proportions states that if elements form
more than one compound, those compounds will have composi-
tions that are whole-number multiples of each other.
Lesson 4
MIXTURES OF MATTER
• mixture
• heterogeneous mixture
• homogeneous mixture
• solution
• filtration
• distillation
• sublimation
• chromatography
• crystallization
• A mixture is a physical blend of two or more pure substances in
any proportion.
• Solutions are homogeneous mixtures.
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means. Common separa-
tion techniques include filtration, distillation, sublimation,
chromatography, and crystallization.
mass
reactants
=
mass
products
percent by mass
=
mass of the element
________________
mass of the compound
×
100
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MODULE 2
STUDY GUIDE
74
Module 2 • Study Guide